![]() The technology has been successfully utilized in various species including Arabidopsis, wheat, barley, and potatoes. DArT involves the preparation of an array of individualized clones from a genomic representation, generated from amplified restriction fragments. g: Iovene et al.ĭiversity Array Technology (DArT, ) is a community-based molecular marker technology that allows high-throughput and cost-effective genotyping of target species, without relying on prior genome sequence information. bulbocastanum and other Solanum species.ġa: TG Consortium b: Sharma et al. bulbocastanum remains largely uncharacterized, limiting the application of comparative genomics studies between S. Some genetic or genomic studies have been conducted in S. To date, no study has explicitly compared the organization of the proposed A and B Solanum genomes using DNA sequence technologies. Cytological and genomics analyses demonstrated that tomato and potato are differentiated by a series of whole arm inversions of chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 (Table 1). Previous genetic mapping studies have provided valuable starting points for discovering and documenting major genome structural rearrangements that occurred since the potato and tomato genomes diverged from a common ancestor. bulbocastanum (B genome) is structurally distinct from that of cultivated potato (A genome) and those of many other wild potato relatives (A, C, D and P genomes). Consistent with sexual incompatibility and phylogenetic uniqueness, cytological observations have led to conclusions that the genome of S. bulbocastanum is phylogenetically distinct from cultivated potato. bulbocastanum is one of the most distinct tuber-bearing potato species and both morphology and molecular data indicate that S. bulbocastanum to the cultivated potato genome using multi-species bridge crossing, somatic hybridization, and transgenic techniques. Although costly and time consuming, late blight resistance genes have been transferred from S. bulbocastanum is sexually isolated from cultivated potato. Like other tertiary gene pool species, however, S. ![]() The species is a famous source of resistance to late blight disease and is a documented source of nematode resistance. bulbocastanum, a native of southern Mexico and Guatemala, has long been of interest to potato breeders. These species predominantly have an EBN1 and post-zygotic barriers have significantly precluded widespread use of EBN1 species in potato breeding.Īmong EBN1 potato species, the diploid ( 2n = 2x = 24) S. In contrast, about 20 wild potato species are sexually isolated from cultivated potato and comprise the tertiary gene pool for S. ![]() Manipulation of potato ploidy levels can enable cross compatibility between secondary genepool, EBN2 species and the EBN4 cultivated potato, allowing incorporation of genes from wild species for crop improvement. ![]() Among potato species, the Endosperm Balance Number predicts the crossability of species, with the cultivated potato assigned an EBN4 and most secondary gene pool species assigned to EBN2. In contrast, tertiary gene pool species are sexually isolated from cultivated crops and the genes they harbor cannot be accessed using traditional breeding approaches. Because they are sexually compatible with cultivated species, germplasm in the primary and secondary gene pools can be directly utilized for crop improvement. These wild species are potentially rich sources of genes for the improvement of the cultivated potato.Īs a tool for the utilization of wild crop relatives to improve cultivated species, Harlan and Wet developed the Gene Pool Concept with the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools reflecting crossability of wild species with cultivated crop plants. Today, the potato clade comprises approximately 200 tuber-bearing Solanum species, including the cultivated potato and wild relatives native to South, Central, and North America. Although distinct in terms of morphology and culinary utility, molecular dating suggests that potato and tomato are closely related species, having diverged from a common ancestor 7.3 million years ago. The genus Solanum includes agronomically important plants such as potato ( S. ![]()
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